The U.S. is also the undisputed leader in knowledge-based and technology-intensive industries. The startup ecosystem, which is the most favorable in America, plays a large role in this. The list of the world’s most expensive startups (“unicorns”) includes many projects from the U.S.: at least 376 out of 743, where Stripe, SpaceX and Instacart are the undoubted leaders.

According to PitchBook and the National Venture Capital Association, U.S. startups attracted $156.2 billion in investments in 2020. Barack Obama introduced the “International Entrepreneur Parole Program,” the essence of which is that entrepreneurs are allowed to develop a startup in the U.S. for 2.5 years.

Today the formation and strengthening of regional innovation clusters, i.e. platforms where entrepreneurs are supported to find investors and test their products, is a national priority of the USA in the scientific sphere. The world’s first business incubator appeared in America back in the mid-20th century.

An example of the successful use of this cluster approach is Silicon Valley, which has already become a real brand and one of the means of American “soft power. About 90,000 companies, research centers and universities operate here, thus there is a constant human and intellectual exchange between the research community and business.

Strong players in technology and innovation are also the states of Texas due to the lack of income tax on business here, New York, Massachusetts, where Harvard and Massachusetts universities of technology are based. Entrepreneurs choose Delaware to register their startups because of its favorable tax environment and evolving corporate laws. More than 60% of Fortune 500 companies are based in that state. So the industry of gas pedals, i.e. social institutions to support startups, is a large market that attracts entrepreneurs around the world.

U.S. International Cooperation in Science
According to the U.S. National Science Foundation’s 2018 data, the country’s international collaboration rate was 37 percent, up 12 percent from 2006. For example, in 2016 the EU and the U.S. signed an “Agreement on the implementation of cooperation between researchers,” the essence of which is that the decision to cooperate is made at the level of individual scientists and scientific teams (subsidiarity principle) and the responsibility is delegated to the lowest level. The agreement established a high level of trust and cooperation between scientists and scientific centers of the EU and the United States.

Another example of global cooperation is Open Source Malaria, whose platform is used by scientists around the world to exchange ideas in developing new drugs for malaria.

In 2016, an article on potential antimalarial compounds was published that had more than 50 authors from 7 countries.